2019年10月6日 星期日

排版參考資料


中文排版需求

Requirements  Chinese Text Layout
W3C Editor's Draft 15 August 2019
http://w3c.github.io/clreq/

摘要
本文書整理了中文(漢字)書寫系統於排版上的需求。一方面說明需求事項以明確描述中文排版之需求與問題;另一方面也提與既有標準(如萬國碼)的對應,冀求透過本文書能在實作層級更能有效地促進實現。

這一份文件:
  • 不是一份照做就對,不照做就錯的「排版規範」。
  • 不會提供具體的CSS範本,讓前端工程師可以直接使用。
  • 是整理中文書籍,也包括雜誌、報紙等排版規則的完整文件。
  • 是作為「印刷出版」與「數字出版」,於技術上接軌的文件。


十項讓長文章更容易閱讀的原則

簡單做好中文排版
https://wanderer.tw/簡單做好中文排版/

中文、日文、韓文有著不同的排版規則,目前在W3C的參考資料中,日文排版需求是最為完整的文件,但是大概長到很難讀完;韓國的諺文文字排版需求則是份量剛剛好。至於中文,我目前還在撰寫草稿。

中文的印刷書一般段落之間除非有其用意,不然不會加入空行或者間隔來區分段落,而是使用兩個全形空白(雜誌等窄欄時使用一個)來縮排做出段落區隔。


如何創造視覺層級

視覺層級並不侷限於平面設計,在用戶體驗及介面上更是一個重要的核心之一。
https://medium.com/deerlight/如何創造視覺層級-2d3c71870d5e


好讀的排版指南

善用好讀的排版指南,提高使用者持續閱讀的意願。
https://medium.com/deerlight/好讀的排版指南-34b9d2a0ca23

技術是中性的,重點是要了解自己的目的!
"反過來想想,不舒適的閱讀體驗雖然無法讓使用者喜歡,卻能夠利用反感、不舒適感等,引起他人的注意,依據想傳達給閱讀者的感覺,來安排符合內容的方式來呈現,也能達到另一種效果。"

"保持閱讀,多觀看不同作者的文章,也能夠提升文章排版和思維。"



2019年4月21日 星期日

如何清除 TOC Jason tab



問題:如下圖(1)

取自解法1

解法:

https://cybertext.wordpress.com/2010/07/12/word-getting-rid-of-the-jason-tab-in-a-toc/ (2019/04/21)

修改TOC功能變數內容,加入 \w。
 \w  Preserves tab entries within table entries.
       保留表格(目錄)項目中的索引標籤項目。

並不保證全部可解。

開關說明(switch)
http://wordfaqs.ssbarnhill.com/TOCSwitches.htm (2019/04/21)

An almost useless switch(幾乎無用的開關)

The \w switch, according to Word’s Help, “preserves tab entries within table entries.” If you have a tab character in every heading at a certain level, you may find this useful. Without it, the tab character is preserved in the table of contents entry, but it doesn’t act like a tab; that is, it doesn’t advance the text following it to a tab stop; instead, it just inserts space roughly equivalent to three normal spaces or an em space.

With the \w switch, the tab character behaves as expected; if no other tab stop is set, it pushes text to the default right tab stop where the page number would normally be (the page number, if any, winds up on the next line), but you can set a custom tab stop in the TOC style for that level, and the tab character will align the following text there. If the heading doesn’t contain a tab character, though, the page number will end up at the tab stop you set instead of at the right margin. This switch is therefore of dubious usefulness unless you have a heading style that invariably includes a tab.


https://wordmvp.com/FAQs/Formatting/TOCJasonTabs.htm (2019/04/21)

巨集解法
作者認為這是一個bug


"Jason tab"一名可能出自恐怖電影《13號星期五》連續殺人魔 Jason Voorhees 


索引的解法又有不同,沒有 \w 開關。

參考資料

功能變數代碼:TOC (目錄) 功能變數
  TOC功能變數 英文文章



2019年4月14日 星期日

word參考資料





http://nccuea.pixnet.net/blog/post/42882359-實用word使用技巧大全,論文報告就靠它了

資訊蠻豐富
可以每次看個幾條或尋找需要者來看

缺點是段落及項目區隔不清,可複製到word內稍加整理再看。




2019年4月12日 星期五

排版隨想


排版界限

幫基金會排版界限何在?
編輯
排版
校稿
→不同書籍有不同因緣

  • 別人都有智慧,不照我們想法作,乃是他們有看到自己沒有看到的境緣。
  • 專注排版技術,較單純。
  • 隨緣盡分。


排版隨想


排版需要知道所排內容嗎?


需要

  • 委託者(基金會)一般對版式沒有概念
  1. 精進編輯能力
  • 外文書不宜
  1. 內容架構會有誤解
  2. 慣用格式/版式不了解→多吸收知識化解

不需要

  • 專業排版者各式內容都在排。
  1. 這是因為委託者知道要呈現的版式。
  2. 具有探尋格式的能力?



2019年3月8日 星期五

CMOS 17 ed 目錄


1. 17 ed TOC
2. 17 ed 有線上版,可看到各條標題,會員才能看內容。
3. 北市圖有書


CMOS 17 ed  目錄

The Chicago Manual of Style, 17th ed. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2017.
https://doi.org/10.7208/cmos17 →較詳細目錄

TABLE OF CONTENTS

List of Figures
List of Tables
Preface
Acknowledgments

Part I · The Publishing Process

1. Books and Journals
    The Parts of a Book
    The Parts of a Journal
    Considerations for Electronic Formats

2. Manuscript Preparation, Manuscript Editing, and Proofreading
    Overview and Process Outline
    Manuscript Preparation Guidelines for Authors
    Manuscript Editing
    Proofreading

3. Illustrations and Tables
    Illustrations
    Tables

4. Rights, Permissions, and Copyright Administration, by William S. Strong
    Copyright Law and the Licensing of Rights
    The Publishing Agreement
    Subsidiary Rights and Permissions
    The Author’s Responsibilities

Part II · Style and Usage

5. Grammar and Usage, by Bryan A. Garner
    Grammar
    Syntax
    Word Usage

6. Punctuation
    Punctuation in Relation to Surrounding Text
    Periods
    Commas
    Semicolons
    Colons
    Question Marks
    Exclamation Points
    Hyphens and Dashes
    Parentheses
    Brackets and Braces
    Slashes
    Quotation Marks
    Spaces
    Multiple Punctuation Marks
    Lists and Outline Style

7. Spelling, Distinctive Treatment of Words, and Compounds
    Overview
    Plurals
    Possessives
    “A” and “An”
    Ligatures
    Word Division
    Italics, Capitals, and Quotation Marks
    Compounds and Hyphenation

8. Names, Terms, and Titles of Works
    Personal Names
    Titles and Offices
    Epithets, Kinship Names, and Personifications
    Ethnic, Socioeconomic, and Other Groups
    Names of Places
    Words Derived from Proper Names
    Names of Organizations
    Historical and Cultural Terms
    Calendar and Time Designations
    Religious Names and Terms
    Military Terms
    Names of Ships and Other Vehicles
    Scientific Terminology
    Brand Names and Trademarks
    Titles of Works

9. Numbers
    Numerals versus Words
    Plurals and Punctuation of Numbers
    Inclusive Numbers
    Roman Numerals

10. Abbreviations
    Overview
    Names and Titles
    Geographical Terms
    Designations of Time
    Scholarly Abbreviations
    Biblical Abbreviations
    Technology and Science
    Business and Commerce

11. Languages Other than English
    General Principles
    Languages Using the Latin Alphabet
    Languages Usually Transliterated (or Romanized)
    Classical Greek
    Old English and Middle English
    American Sign Language (ASL)

12. Mathematics in Type
    Style of Mathematical Expressions
    Preparation and Editing of Paper Manuscripts

13. Quotations and Dialogue
    Overview
    Permissible Changes to Quotations
    Quotations in Relation to Text
    Quotation Marks
    Speech, Dialogue, and Conversation
    Drama, Discussions and Interviews, and Field Notes
    Ellipses
    Interpolations and Clarifications
    Attributing Quotations in Text

Part III · Source Citations and Indexes

14. Notes and Bibliography
    Source Citations: An Overview
    Basic Format, with Examples and Variations
    Notes
    Bibliographies
    Author’s Name
    Title of Work
    Books
    Periodicals
    Websites, Blogs, and Social Media
    Interviews and Personal Communications
    Papers, Contracts, and Reports
    Manuscript Collections
    Special Types of References
    Audiovisual Recordings and Other Multimedia
    Legal and Public Documents

15. Author-Date References
    Overview
    Basic Format, with Examples and Variations
    Reference Lists and Text Citations
    Author-Date References: Special Cases

16. Indexes
    Overview
    Components of an Index
    General Principles of Indexing
    Indexing Proper Names and Variants
    Indexing Titles of Publications and Other Works
    Alphabetizing
    Punctuating Indexes: A Summary
    The Mechanics of Indexing
    Editing an Index Compiled by Someone Else
    Typographical Considerations for Indexes
    Examples of Indexes

Glossary
Bibliography
Index


CMOS 16 ed 目錄


1. 16 ed TOC
2. 16 ed 有線上版,可看到各條標題,會員才能看內容。
3. 簡体版 芝加哥手冊:寫作、編輯和出版指南(第16版)

CMOS 16 ed 目錄

Preface
Acknowledgments
Part One: The Publishing Process
      1 Books and Journals
      2 Manuscript Preparation, Manuscript Editing, and Proofreading
      3 Illustrations and Tables
      4 Rights, Permissions, and Copyright Administration by William S. Strong
Part Two: Style and Usage
      5 Grammar and Usage by Bryan A. Garner
      6 Punctuation
      7 Spelling, Distinctive Treatment of Words, and Compounds
      8 Names and Terms
      9 Numbers
    10 Abbreviations
    11 Foreign Languages
    12 Mathematics in Type
    13 Quotations and Dialogue
Part Three: Documentation
    14 Documentation I: Notes and Bibliography
    15 Documentation II: Author-Date References
    16 Indexes
Appendix A: Production and Digital Technology
Appendix B: Glossary
Bibliography
Index


2019年3月6日 星期三

芝加哥格式手冊(CMOS)--索引(ch.17 index)相關摘記


摘記CMOS索引相關

芝加哥格式手冊(CMOS) 14 ed (1993)

Editing Index (p.82), →參見「17. Indexes」
      2.118, 檢查 1.cross reference, 2.主項目排序, 3.頁碼排序, 4.拼音/字, 5.標點。→製作「製作索引指引」
      2.119, 另起新頁(奇/偶起)
Index Proofs, 3.51,

17. Indexes      p.701 (62 p) 索引
Introduction 17.I (索引超過目次。不只是詞及片語。)
Definitions 17.2 
Kinds of Indexes 17.2 (1.Author, Subject。2.不是電腦能判斷)
The Entry 17.3
Subentries 17.4
Headings and Subheadings 17.5
Page References 17.9
Run in and Indented Typographical Styles 17.10 (連續及縮排格式)
Cross-References 17.11
The Indexer 17.20 (索引者....的要求)
The Author as Indexer 17.21 (作者是索引者)
The Professional Indexer 17.22 (專業的索引者)
The Mechanics of Indexing 17.25 (索引技術) p.711
The Human Factor 17.25 (人的因素 )
At present, indexes cannot be electronically made, for the decisions required are of a far higher order than computers are yet capable of.
Computer Assistance 17.26 (電腦輔助)
  •     只是輔助。主要工作仍需索引者完成。輔助:標題排序、整合相似的項目,消除重複的標題、檢查 cross-reference 及格式化整個索引。
  •     專業英文索引軟體 CINDEX, MACREX
  •     文字處理器無法完全符合索引格式需求(排序方式……)
What Parts of the Book to Index 17.27 (書本那些部份作索引)
Preliminary Pages, Text, and Back Matter 17.27
Notes 17.28 (註腳)
Author-Date Citations 17.29 (引用文獻),(Powell, 1995)
Tables, Charts, and Similar Material 17.30 (表、圖及類似物件)
摘譯:
  • 17.27 "原則上"只作主文(text)。但其他部份若是有參考價值,也可考慮入索引。(preliminary pages, text, and back matter)
  • 17.28 註腳(notes):一般不入索引。有主文以外的進一步討論,可入索引。頁碼用加註斜體 表示,如 134 (數字和n之間用hair space分隔)。
  •             一頁有多個註腳索引,再加標註腳號碼。
  •             章末註腳(endnotes)可能加標內文頁碼會更有用。 但在索引開始處要有說明。
  • 17.29 author-date citations:一般不入註腳。看作註腳另一形。
  • 17.30 表、圖及類似物件:入索引。加標圖表編號。
Workspace and Equipment for Indexing without a Computer 17.31 (作索引沒有電腦時的工作空及器材)餐桌
  •        17.32 3x5" card, tab divider, 檔案盒, 打字機, 標準尺寸(8 1/2 x 11")好品質紙
The Process in Brief 17.33 (程序簡介)
First Step: Marking the Page Proofs 17.37 (步驟1: 紙本標示)
Second Step: Typing the Entries 17.42 (步驟2: 鍵入項目(entries) )
Third Step: Alphabetizing the Entries 17.45 (步驟3: 排序項目)
Fourth Step: Editing the Entries 17.48 (步驟4: 編輯項目)
When to Furnish Subentries 17.51
Arrangement of Subentries 17.54
The Problem of Sub-subentries 17.55
Punctuation 17.57
Cross-Referencing 17.60
Fifth Step: Typing, Proofreading, and the Final Review 17.62 (步驟5: 排版, 校對及最後檢查(review))
Gauging the Length of an Index as You Go 17.65 (度量索引長度)
  •          17.65 長度因書本複雜的程度而異。
  •                     scholarly book 可能從 1/50(one-fiftieth)到1/20(one-twentieth)的主文長度,2欄、較主文小 2 pt。例如:一本300頁的書,可能索引是從6至15頁,依格式而異(一般在2欄, run-in格式的索引,大約有100行。)。(CMOS index 57*2)
  •          17.66 1頁5個references(1/50, one-fiftieth, 2/100)產生短索引,15或更多references (1/20, one-twentieth, 5/100)將產生長索引。
  •                ***  index of CMOS(1993), 1.57 line * 2 column, 2.主文829頁, 3.921(主+索) - 871(主) = 50+1(頁), 索引佔比 51/829=6.15/100 大於 5/100。
  •          17.67 出版社決定索引長度。有助索引者工作。
What to Do about Typos You Find 17.68 (發現的"錯別字"如何處理。基本上索引者不是在定稿上作索引。)
General Principles of Indexing 17.69 (索引一般原則)
Choosing Terms for Entries 17.71
Incidental Items 17.73
Making Choices between Variants 17.75
Familiar Forms of Personal Names 17.76
Pseudonyms 17.77
Persons with the Same Name 17.78
Married Women's Names 17.79
Monarchs and Popes 17.81
Titles of Nobility 17.82
Clerical Titles 17.85
Academic Titles and Degrees 17.86
Sr., Ill, Jr. 17.87
Saints 17.88
Obscure Persons 17.89
Full Form of Name 17.90
Confusing Names 17.91
Acronyms and Abbreviations of Organization Names 17.92
Newspapers 17.93
Periodicals 17.94
Titles of Artistic Works 17.95
Principles of Alphabetizing 17.97 (排序)
The Two Systems 17.97
General Rules 17.99
Personal Names 17.106
Names with Particles 17.106
Names with Saint 17.107
Compound Names 17.108
Names with Mac, Mc, and M’ 17.109
Spanish Names 17.110
Hungarian Names 17.113
Arabic Names 17.114
Chinese Names 17.116
Japanese Names 17.119
Vietnamese Names 17.120
Indian Names 17.122
Burmese Names 17.123
Javanese and Other Indonesian Names 17.124
Thai Names 17.125
Other Asian Names 17.126
Personal Names Used as Names of Businesses or Other Organizations 17.127
Place-Names 17.128
Names Beginning with Mount, Lake, Cape, and the Like 17.128
Names Beginning with Non-English Articles 17.129
Names with Saint 17.130
Alphabetizing by Computer 17.131
Editing an Index Compiled by Someone Else 17.132-133 (編輯index)
  • Copyediting Tasks 17.134 (審稿者工作。check 12項。(12) 5%隨機檢查)
  • Markup 17.135 (標記。6項。1.第一頁始, 2.type spec., 3.    , 4.註腳(n)前後空隙, 5.不同分類(例筆劃)區隔, 6.所有頁都依順序。)
Typographical Considerations 17.136 (排版考量)
Type Size and Column Width 17.136 (點數及欄寬)
Justification 17.137 (對齊)
Indention 17.138 (縮排)
Bad Breaks, Remedies, and Continued Lines 17.139
  •  17.139 (不好的分斷、補救措施、Continued 行) 分行(一行容納不下主/次索引詞。可能和下一階混淆。)、跨頁。長索引時,跨頁。補救:1. 改變欄寬, 2.行末加註說明(英文行末加"(Continued )"例見p.753頁末及754。
Special Typography 17.140 (特殊排版)
Examples 17.141 (範例)
A Typical Scholarly Index in Run-in Style 17.141
An Index with Boldface and Italic References 17.142
Indented-Style Indexes 17.143
Typical Indented Style 17.143
Indented Style Highlighting Definitions 17.144
Use of the Dash with Run-in Subentries 17.145
Combined Indented and Run-in Style 17.146
Specialized Indexes 17.148
Authors, Titles, and First Lines of Poems 17.149
Author-Title Index 17.150
Index of First Lines 17.151
For Further Reference 17.153 (參考資料)
    17.153 For an excellent and extensive discussion of indexing and indexes see Nancy Mulvany, Indexing Books.


2019年2月24日 星期日

The Chicago manual of style, 14 ed



1. 14 ed ToC(北市圖有書)
2. CMOS 17 ed 目錄 (北市圖有書)
3. CMOS 16 ed 目錄



The Chicago manual of style (CMOS)

University of Chicago Press, c1993.
著者: Grossman, John , ed.
ISBN: 0226103897
索書號 :808.027 C532 (北市圖), 14 ed
簡稱:CMOS(積體電路同名), CMS
主文+附件 921頁

簡介

What can we say? This weighty tome is the essential reference for all who work with words--writers, editors, proofreaders, indexers, copywriters, designers, publishers, and students. Discover who Ibid is, how to deftly avoid the split infinitive, and how to format your manuscripts to impress any professor or editor (no, putting it in a blue plastic folder is just not enough).

TOC(14 ed 待補)

CMOS 14 ed  目錄

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Preface

   Part 1· Bookmaking

1. The Parts of a Book      3 (44 p) (書籍組成)
    Pages, Leaves, Versos, and Rectos 1.1
    Outline of Divisions 1.2
    Front Matter 1.4
Half-Title Page 1.4
Verso of  Half-Title Page 1.5
Title Page 1.11
Copyright Page 1.16~35
Dedication 1.36
Epigraph 1.38
Table of Contents 1.40
List of Illustrations 1.43
List of Tables 1.46
Foreword 1.47
Preface and Acknowledgments 1.48
Introduction 1.51
Other Front Matter 1.53~58
    Text 1.59 (本文) 
Chapters 1.61
Parts 1.65
Other Divisions 1.69
Subheads 1.71
Epilogues, Afterwords, and Conclusions 1.81
    Back Matter 1.82
Appendix 1.82
Notes 1.86
Glossary
Bibliography or Reference List 1.88
Index 1.90
Colophon 1.91
    Running Heads 1.92 
Front Matter 1.93
Text 
Back Matter
Omission of  Running Heads 1.98
    Page Numbers 1.99 (頁碼)
Front Matter 1.100
Text  and Back Matter 1.103
More Than One Volume 1.105
    Errata 1.107
    Exterior Structure 1.109
Cover 1.109
Jacket, or Dust Wrapper 1.112
Copy and Artwork for the Cover and Jacket 1.113

2. Manuscript Preparation, and Copyediting      47 (58 p) (手稿)
    Introduction 2.1
    The Author's Manuscript 2.3
    The Editorial Function 2.53~119
    Editor and Author 2.120
    Preparation Manuscript from Printed Material 2.166
    Handling Symposium Volumes 2.177
    For Further Reference 2.186

3. Proofs       105 (20 p)  (校對)           
    Introduction
    Schedules
    First Proofs
    Proofreading
    Correcting Proofs
    Second Proofs
    Page Proofs
    Index Proofs
    Illustrations
    Other Proofs
    Case and Jacket, or Paperback Cover
    Press Sheets
    Finished Book
    For Further Reference 

4. Rights and Permissions      125 (32 p)
    Copyright Law and the Licensing of Rights
    The Publishing Agreement
    Publisher' Responsibilities
    Author' Responsibilities
    For Further Reference    

   Part 2 · Style

5. Punctuation      157 (36 p) (標點符號)
    Introduction 5.1
    Typographic Considerations 5.4
    Periods 5.7
    Exclamation Points 5.17
    Question Marks 5.21
    Commas 5.29~88
    Semicolons 5.89
    Colons 5.97
    Dash 5.105
    Hyphens 5.120
    Solidus 5.122
    Parentheses 5.123
    Brackets 5.128
    Quotation Marks 5.133
    Multiple Punctuation Marks 5.134
    For Further Reference 5.137
    注:沒有Spaces?→ 3.22, 3.23

6. Spelling and Distinctive Treatment of Words      193 (40 p)
    Introduction 6.1
    Spelling 6.5
         Preferences of Special Groups 6.5
         Plurals 6.7 
         Possessives 6.19
         Contractions 6.31
         Compounds Words 6.32
         Word Division 6.43
          O and Oh 6.59
          A and An 6.60
         Ligatures, or Digraphs 6.61
    Distinctive Treatment of Words 6.62~92
         Emphasis 6.64
         Foreign Words 6.66
         Special Terminology 6.71
         Quoted Phrases 6.75
         Words Used as Words 6.76
         Irony 6.78
         Slang 6.79
         Use of So-Called 6.80
         Letters Used as Words or Referred to as Letters 6.81
    Table 6.1. A Spelling Guide for Compound Words and Words with Prefixes and Suffixes, p.219~231 

7. Names and Terms       233 (60 p)
    Introduction 7.1
    Personal Names 7.6
    Nationalities, Tribes, and Other Groups of People 7.33
    Place-Names 7.36
    Words Derived from Proper Names 7.49
    Names of Organizations 7.50
    Historical and Cultural Terms 7.63
    Calendar and Time Designations 7.74
    Religious Names and Terms 7.77
    Military Terms 7.96
    Ships, Trains, Aircraft, and Spacecraft 7.99
    Scientific Terminology 7.101
    Trademarks 7.125
    Titles of Works 7.126
    For Further Reference 7.161

8. Numbers      293 (24 p)
    Introduction 8.1
    General Principles 8.2
Numerals or Words 8.3
Ordinals 8.4
Round Numbers 8.5
Consistency 8.8
First Word in Sentence 8.9
    Special Cases 8.11
Physical Quantities 8.11
Percentages and Decimal Fractions 8.17
Money 8.23
Parts of a Book 8.32
Dates 8.33
Time of Day
Name 8.51
Governmental Designations 8.56
Organizations 8.59
Addresses and Thoroughfares 8.61
   Forms and Uses of Numbers 8.64
Plurals of Numbers 8.64
Use of the Comma 8.65
Inclusive Numbers 8.68
    Roman Numerals 8.74
    Enumeration 8.75
Run-in Style 8.75
Outline Style 8.76
    For Further Reference 8.80
  
9. Foreign Languages in Type      317 (38 p) (外國語)
    Introduction 9.1
    Languages Using the Latin Alphabet 9.3~85
         General Principles 9.4
    Transliterated and Romanized Languages 9.86
    Editing and Composing Classical Greek 9.127
    Old English and Middle English 9.144
    For Further Reference 9.146

10. Quotations      355 (30 p) (引文)
    Introduction 10.1
    Accuracy 10.5
    Permissible Changes 10.7
    Relation to Text 10.9
    Quotation Marks 10.26
    Speech, Dialogue, and Conversation 10.36
    Ellipses 10.48
    Missing or Illegible Words 10.64
    Interpolations and Alterations 10.65
    Citing Sources in Text 10.69
    Foreign Languages Quotations 10.84

11. Illustrations, Captions, and Legends       385 (25 p)( 圖, 加上標題,加上說明標題,說明)
    Illustrations 11.1
    Captions, and Legends 11.24
    List of Illustrations 11.44
    Checking Illustrations in Proofs 11.47
    For Further Reference 11.49

12. Tables       405 (28 p)  (表格)
    Introduction 12.1
    Planning and Constructing Statistical Tables 12.4
    Arrangement of the Elements 12.13
    Estimating Size and Correcting Odd Shapes 12.53
    Special Types of Tables 12.57
    Editing Tables 12.62

13. Mathematics in Type      433 (26 p)
    Introduction 13.1
    Composition 13.3
    The Problem of Sign and Symbols 13.10
    Manuscripts Preparation 13.16
    Making Mathematical Copy 13.39
    For Further Reference 13.52

14. Abbreviations      459 (28 p)( 簡稱/縮寫)
    Introduction 14.1
    Names and Titles 14.4
    Geographical Terms 14.17
    Designations of Time 14.26
    Scholarly 14.32
    Bible 14.34
    Measure 14.36
    Science  and Technology 14.50
    Commercial Copy 14.55
    Constitutions and Bylaws 14.56
    For Further Reference 14.57

15. Documentation 1: Notes and Bibliographies      487 (150 p)
    Introduction 15.1
        Notes
        Bibliographies
    Books 15.77
    Periodicals 15.204
    Subsequent or Shortened References in Notes 15.248
    Interviews and Personal Communications 15.262
    Unpublished Material 15.270
    Special Types of References 15.293
    Legal References 15.312
    Public Documents 15.322
    Musical Scores 15.412
    Nonbook Materials 15.414
    Material Obtained through Loose-Leaf, Computer, or Information Services 15.421
    Computer Programs and Electronic Documents 15.423
    Citations Taken from Secondary Sources 15.425

16. Documentation 2: Author-Date Citations and Reference Lists      637 (64 p)
    Introduction 16.1
        Author-Date Text Citations 16.3
        Reference Lists 16.18
    Books 16.32
    Periodicals 16.97
    Citations Taken from Secondary Sources 16.124
    Interviews and Personal Communications 16.126
    Unpublished Material 16.131
    Special Types of References 16.139
    Public Documents 16.148
    Musical Scores 16.199
    Nonbook Materials 16.201
    Material Obtained through Loose-Leaf, Computer, or Information Services 16.207
    Computer Programs and Electronic Documents 16.208

17. Indexes      701 (62 p) (索引)
Introduction 17.I
Definitions 17.2
Kinds of Indexes 17.2
The Entry 17.3
Subentries 17.4
Headings and Subheadings 17.5
Page References 17.9
Run in and Indented Typographical Styles 17.10
Cross-References 17.11
The Indexer 17.20
The Author as Indexer 17.21
The Professional Indexer 17.22
The Mechanics of Indexing 17.25
The Human Factor 17.25
Computer Assistance 17.26
What Parts of the Book to Index 17.27 (那些部份入索引)
Preliminary Pages, Text, and Back Matter 17.27
Notes 17.28
Author-Date Citations 17.29
Tables, Charts, and Similar Material 17.30
Workspace and Equipment for Indexing without a Computer 17.31~32 (沒有電腦時,索引所需工作空間及器材) 
The Process in Brief 17.33
First Step: Marking the Page Proofs 17.37
Second Step: Typing the Entries 17.42
Third Step: Alphabetizing the Entries 17.45
Fourth Step: Editing the Entries 17.48
When to Furnish Subentries 17.51
Arrangement of Subentries 17.54
The Problem of Sub-subentries 17.55
Punctuation 17.57
Cross-Referencing 17.60
Fifth Step: Typing, Proofreading, and the Final Review 17.62
Gauging the Length of an Index as You Go 17.65 (索引長度)
What to Do about Typos You Find 17.68 (發現錯別字如何處理)
General Principles of Indexing 17.69
Choosing Terms for Entries 17.71
Incidental Items 17.73
Making Choices between Variants 17.75
Familiar Forms of Personal Names 17.76
Pseudonyms 17.77
Persons with the Same Name 17.78
Married Women's Names 17.79
Monarchs and Popes 17.81
Titles of Nobility 17.82
Clerical Titles 17.85
Academic Titles and Degrees 17.86
Sr, Ill, Jr. 17.87
Saints 17.88
Obscure Persons 17.89
Full Form of Name 17.90
Confusing Names 17.91
Acronyms and Abbreviations of Organization Names 17.92
Newspapers 17.93
Periodicals 17.94
Titles of Artistic Works 17.95
Principles of Alphabetizing 17.97
The Two Systems 17.97
General Rules 17.99
Personal Names 17.106
Names with Particles 17.106
Names with Saint 17.107
Compound Names 17.108
Names with Mac, Mc, and M’ 17.109
Spanish Names 17.110
Hungarian Names 17.113
Arabic Names 17.114
Chinese Names 17.116
Japanese Names 17.119
Vietnamese Names 17.120
Indian Names 17.122
Burmese Names 17.123
Javanese and Other Indonesian Names 17.124
Thai Names 17.125
Other Asian Names 17.126
Personal Names Used as Names of Businesses or Other Organizations 17.127
Place-Names 17.128
Names Beginning with Mount, Lake, Cape, and the Like 17.123
Names Beginning with Non-English Articles 17.129
Names with Saint 17.130
Alphabetizing by Computer 17.131
Editing an Index Compiled by Someone Else 17.132
Copyediting Tasks 17.134
Markup 17.135
Typographical Considerations 17.136
Type Size and Column Width 17.136
Justification 17.137
Indention 17.138
Bad Breaks, Remedies, and Continued Lines 17.139
Special Typography 17.140
Examples 17.141
A Typical Scholarly Index in Run-in Style 17.141
An Index with Boldface and Italic References 17.142
Indented-Style Indexes 17.143
Typical Indented Style 17.143
Indented Style Highlighting Definitions 17.144
Use of the Dash with Run-in Subentries 17.145
Combined Indented and Run-in Style 17.146
Specialized Indexes 17.148
Authors, Titles, and First Lines of Poems 17.149
Author-Title Index 17.150
Index of First Lines 17.151
For Further Reference 17.153

     Part 3 · Production and Printing

18. Design and Typography      763 (26 p) 
Introduction 18.1
Preliminary Planning 18.3
Characteristics of the Manuscript  18.3
Castoff 18.6
Prose Texts 18.10
Typeface 18.10
Type Page and Trim Size 18.16
Spacing 18.20
Justification 18.26
Subhead 18.28
Extracts 18.30
Notes 18.33
Indexes 18.41
Display Type 18.44
Preliminaries, or Front Matter 18.45
Chapter Openings 18.50
Running Heads 18.57
Folios 18.58
Text Other Than Prose 18.59
Verse 18.59
Plays 18.62
 Layout, Specification Sheet, and Sample Pages 18.67
Layout 18.67
Specification Sheet 18.69
Sample Pages 18.71
Sample Layouts and Marked Manuscript  18.72
 For Further Reference 18.73

 19. Composition , Printing, Binding, and Papermaking       789 (32 p)
Introduction 19.1
The Preponderance of Offset Lithography 19.3
Composition and Markup 19.9
Printing 19.47
Desktop Publishing 19.61
Binding 19.64
Papermaking 19.81
For Further Reference 19.102

Glossary of Technical Terms      831
Bibliography      861
Index      871~921


2019年2月22日 星期五

破折號


2種破折號

U+2014及U+2015

用「造字程式」看到的點陣圖
U+2014:高度 2 點,左右各有4點空隙。
U+2015:高度 2 點,左右沒有空隙。

U+2014

U+2015


所以如果用U+2015則不需要延長一個破折號為200%,只要正常兩個就有連續的效果。

1. 字距用正常,沒有加大,應該是如此。
字距加大時
→第一個破折號另設字元樣式,改成無間距,第二個正常,就有連續的效果了。
2. 若考慮純文字檔,不建議用"延長一個破折號為200%",因為存成純文字時,只有一個破折號!這和破折號的用法是不一致的。


U+2500, 另一種破折號 

在教育部網站看到的破折號,嚴格來講應是畫表格的格線(製表格圖,─(U+2500))。
和U+2015看起來一樣(左右沒有空隙),但印象中某些字型方向會有錯誤。
U+2500:高度 2 點,左右沒有空隙。
unicode子集合--製表格圖

U+2500

問題

1. 某些字型橫書時方向可能不對
規則尚不清楚,應該看字型有沒有處理到此細節。

2.

2019年2月11日 星期一

如何產生索引(WordMVP譯文)


如何產生索引卡及利用 word 索引輔助功能

How do I generate an index in Word?

(我如何在word產生索引)
Article contributed by John McGhie

目次
Making an Index

    Planning the Job , 12 pt 

    Types of Index(索引類型?)                   , 12 pt

    Mark-up Indexes (標註索引), 12 pt 

   Indexing Made Easy (7步), 12 pt


Page Number Conflation, 14pt


See!  It isn't that hard, 14pt


The Microsoft Word Help suggests that you can automatically generate an index.  Sorry, but you can't (the "result" looks like an index, but the reader can't use it).  You canautomatically mark index entries: however, the amount of work required to edit the result into a useable index is usually double the effort required to manually mark the index entries one-by-one.
Instead of automatically generating something that is not useable, the reader would far prefer you to express the document electronically and provide a free text search. A free text search serves the reader's needs far better than a badly-constructed index, and the search engines available these days are smart enough to look for what the reader“wanted” rather than what he or she “asked for”.

Making an Index

An experienced technical writer wrote this article. As a technical writer, I produce long documents running to thousands of pages of technical material. Indexes are part of my game. I can't tell you how to produce one automatically, but I can tell you how to produce one easily!
Before 1990-ish, Indexing was a profession of its own; in addition to an Author and an Editor, a large book had an Indexer. Even today, if you are making a book such as a medical encyclopedia that is going to remain in print for many years, it is simply stupid not to use a professional indexer. Really good indexes are an even mix of science and art form, and the quality improvement a professional makes is well worth paying for. Of course, few of us these days work on publications that are going to last long enough to justify this effort. And even fewer of us have the time to produce such an index. If you do have the time, obtain a copy of “Indexing, The Art of” by G. Norman Knight (Allen & Unwin, ISBN 0-04-029002-6).  Norman Knight is a former President of The Society of Indexers, and his book is simple and charming. Reading it, you will soon realize that indexing is not difficult; it simply takes attention to detail and patience.

Planning the Job , 12 pt

Word has one of the nicest and most powerful index generators around built right in, so you have all the tools you are going to need. You need to allow a week per 500 pages to generate an index in a technical book. Technical publications are fairly “information dense”. Scholarly monographs and the like are usually quicker to index.

Types of Index(索引類型?)                   , 12 pt

In the old days (say, 1995 or thereabouts!) indexes were all produced by the “shoebox” method. They literally used a shoebox into which they inserted index cards: three-inch by five-inch cards upon which they wrote the index term and its page number. The Indexer would sit with a large pile of “galley proofs”, single-page images as they were returned from the typesetter, and go through each one line-by-line seeking and recording the index terms. At the finish, they typed the index out with its page numbers and sent it off to the typesetter for publication.  There is a software tool specially built for indexing that emulates this process exactly. I tell you this simply because, in certain circumstances, this method is still the best today.  If your document is going to be published from a different computer to the one it is being created on, and that machine cannot interpret Microsoft Word XE tags, and you do not know what the page numbers are yet because the other machine is going to do the pagination, then use the shoebox method! (shoebox 鞋盒,傳統作法,跨平台) 
Word will do two forms of index: The Concordance Index and the Mark-up Index. It will also do something half-way in-between, using its “Mark All” command.
Mark-up Indexes (標註索引), 12 pt
A Mark-up index is the method I recommend.  It's quick, accurate, easy to understand, and easy to correct.  With a little care in the planning, it normally results in a very useable index.
As the term implies, you produce a mark-up index by embedding mark-up “tags” in the Word document. Word automatically looks up the page numbers at Print time and generates and formats the index for you. Study the help topic “Create an index” and all its sub-topics. This is the way I recommend.  It's the way that all good writers create an index these days. Mark by mark, page by page!  It is explained in detail below.
Concordance Indexes , 10 pt
I implore you not to waste your time with a Concordance Index for most publications. It results in a huge pile of rubbish that is of very little use to the reader. And it takes nearly as long to make as it does to generate an index properly. The Concordance Index is a hangover from the past when people were desperately hoping to produce an “automatic index” to reduce the labor. Every major word-processor will do them, and no professional writer or editor would, these days, permit one.
To make a Concordance index you make up a table of all the terms you want Word to find in one column, and the index entry you want to see for each term in the other. For more information, see “Create a concordance file” in the Word help file. But the end result is that you have every term indexed at EVERY place it occurs. Most of the mentions of a term in a book are simply passing references: what the reader wants to see in the index is only one page number; the one that contains the main topic for the term. If you send them on a wild goose chase to 20 other places first, they will think most unkindly of you.
The concordance mechanism does have its place:  It can often be used to good effect in Reference Books such as Programming Reference Manuals, where each command or function is referred to only in a small section of the text, then rarely mentioned anywhere else in the book.

For the truly adventurous… , 10 pt

Technical writers and other folk who publish seriously-huge documents in HTML may want to spend a little time learning about Concordance Indexes.  In conjunction with VBA, a concordance index is a great way to automatically generate hyperlinks in your document.  You tag every mention of each term with the concordance indexing mechanism, then use VBA to change the tags into hyperlink tags.

Indexing Made Easy (7步) , 12 pt

Here are some worthwhile hints I can give you so you do not go mad during the process: 
1. Print a copy of the book and go through it with a highlighter, marking the items you would like to see in the index. If you are not the subject-matter expert, get someone who is expert in the subject to do this for you (the process is massively easier if you understand the subject well). Mark only places where the reader will get information about each item. For example, if you want to include “installation procedure”, you would mark “Follow the procedure below to install...” in Chapter 1, you would not mark “if you completed the installation procedure...” in Chapter 5. The first is what the reader would expect to see when he looks up 'Installation Procedure'. The second might cause the reader to come and look you up {grin}.
2.
Make some design decisions before you start putting codes in the file. The most important are:

How many levels of entry are you going to allow? If it is more than three, I will personally come and shoot you! Such an Index is both unusable and unmaintainable {grin}.

Are you going to reverse the terms? “Indexing, the art of” or “The art of Indexing”? Normally do the former, but whichever you select, you must do it for every entry

How will you treat numbers? All as if they were spelled out; or all up the front above the “A”s? In technical books, do the second, but whichever you do, you must do it for every number.

Will you use “see” references to condense the index? My vote in modern times is: “No, don't bother”.
See” references mean the reader finds the index entry, then has to go find another index entry before they can find the page. It annoys your reader, it doesn't save much paper, and these days paper is not very expensive.

Will you “put the Table of Contents in the Index”? Debate rages in the more pedantic Indexing circles about this one.
The pedants (sorry, “purists”) say you should not include in the index terms that are contained in headings in the table of contents. I say: “Of course you should”.  Research shows that some people (about 35 pct) look in Tables of Contents, some people (about 60 pct) look in Indexes. Few readers these days have a clear picture of the conceptual difference between them, and each reader will secretly thank you if he can find what he wants in both places. I always include an index entry for every heading in the book. So shoot me!

Sort order: Word-by-word or “letter-by-letter”? By default, Word does the former. Purists like the latter: I don't; I can never find anything in such an index, and most readers hate it. So shoot me again! To produce a letter-by-letter sort, you have to place the generated index in a two-column table (page numbers in one column, text in the other).  Then copy the text column, remove the spaces from it with Find/Replace, then shift that column to all upper-case and sort by it. Then remove the uppercase column and turn the table back into text.

Avoid the classic hilarity of putting “the book” in the Index. If you are writing a book called “All About Word” you may get sued for a laughter-based injury if you include “Word” as a term in the index. But for your own amusement, have a look in the indexes (not “indices”!) of a few cheap-and-nasty technical manuals such as are often produced in-house as training manuals. You will be surprised how often you see this classic faux pas. And you may immediately become suspicious that you are looking at an automatically generated index!
3.
Now run through and tag the entries you have highlighted, according to the instructions in the help topic “Mark index entries”. Unfortunately, if you have made a few indexes, you will know how to do this, and if you haven't, your first attempt will contain errors. Sorry: I had to go through this too {grin}.
I will give you a hint that will save you a bit of time (quite a lot, actually...) Do not put in the subentries at this stage.  By that I mean tag each item as a main term.  If the entry does belong as a subentry, you will find that you can add the main term to the tag more simply on your second pass.

A Word About Tagging:

 Word's index tags are both case-sensitive and "space-sensitive".  "Installing" and "installing" are not the same thing: each will appear under its own heading.  "Administration" and " Administration" are not the same thing: one will sort right at the top of the index.  See?  When you are debugging "entries out of sequence" you sometimes have to look extremely closely to ensure that the tags really do match exactly.
To enter an index tag in a heading, ensure that your headings are formatted by styles, and do not apply any formatting overrides to the heading. If you apply direct formatting to the headings that contain index tags, the direct formatting will be copied through to your Index.
A colon : and a semicolon ; are not the same thing!  You use colons to divide the levels of sub-entry in your index tags.  When you are in a hurry, it is too easy to type the un-shifted character (the semi-colon) instead of the shifted character (the full colon) in the tag.  If you do, you will get some very weird errors in your generated index.  There's no easy way to find these, but the semi-colon will appear in the index.  If you have strange things happening (items that do not appear under their correct entries or sub-entries) try searching your generated index for semi-colons.  If you find any, at least you know "what" is wrong: finding the tag that produced the problem is a real chore (it will not be on the page in the index...).  Try this:  Reveal your hidden text (so you can see your XE tags) then search for a semi-colon with the font format  hidden text.  If you find any, chances are they are in your bad index tags.
4.
Now generate the index. Ignore the formatting at this stage; just print it. Leave it as a single column for ease of reference. If you have a big screen, you can open a second window into the document and look at the index that way (see the Window menu) but for most, it's easier to print the first result.
5.
Now sit down with a colored pen or pencil (you can't see blue or black against black type...) and edit the index.

Mark all the terms that should become sub-entries, and show the term they should be sub-entries of. 

Now run down it, and for each term, ask yourself “What else could the reader possibly call this?” Add an entry for each.

Run down it again, and for each term, ask yourself “Is there anything else the reader would need to know about when looking this up?” Add a “See also” for each one you find.
6.
Go through and edit the tags in the file to implement the changes you have identified.
You can find index tags easily by using the Browse buttons on your vertical scroll bar (see “Browse to the next or previous page, table, or other item” in the help).
In later versions of Word (2002 and above) you can use Ctrl + G to bring up the "Go To" dialog.  Set "Go to what?" to "Field".  Set the Enter field name box to "XE".  Click Next, then Close.  Your "Previous" and "Next" browse buttons (at the extreme bottom right corner of the Word window, under the vertical scroll bar) will now go to the next or previous index entry fields on each click, until you change to something else. 
If you use Find, or Browse by Find, you can specify ^d XE as your Find string to find only index tags.
If you know exactly what the text of the tag is, you can use ^d XE "tag text stringto find exactly that tag.  However, this requires you to work out exactly what the tag content will be, and that's not easy three levels down in an Index. 
So I prefer to use Ctrl + G, Page Number (from the index), then Ctrl + F, ^d (to find the next XE tag.  Then keep hitting Browse Next to find the tag you want.
7.
Now regenerate your index. (Click in it and press F9). You can now change it to double-column if you wish. You format an index by using Format>Style to change the styles Index 1 through Index 9. Each style controls the formatting of one level of entry.


Page Number Conflation(區間頁碼), 14pt

Page number conflation is where only the first and last page numbers appear for a topic.  In the index you see 88 - 95 instead of 88, 89, 90... --頁碼範圍, 88 - 95。建議只標註第一頁。
I am very tempted to say "don't bother"!  Tag the first instance of each term.  If your reader does not have the brains to see that the information on a topic continues for several pages, they should be kept away from your book in case they hurt themselves...  However, if you absolutely must conflate, this is the way to do it:
  • Place a bookmark around all of the pages you want to conflate.  頁數範圍建立書籤
  • Then place the name of the bookmark in the XE tag, Word will generate a conflated page reference for you.  

See!  It isn't that hard, 14pt

There! That's the way I do it. If you trust me and do it that way, you will find out why I do it that way. If you don't trust me and do it another way, you will find out why much sooner {grin}.


WORDMVP   How do I generate an index in Word?

“Indexing, The Art of” by G. Norman Knight (Allen & Unwin, ISBN 0-04-029002-6), 北市圖無此書,2019/02/11